Acute prostatitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease that covers the tissues of the prostate gland, causing extensive swelling and the appearance of purulent foci. The disease can appear in different ways, depending on the stage of its development. Therefore, an integrated approach is required for its accurate diagnosis. Treatment of acute prostatitis is most often based on taking medication and physiotherapy techniques.
reason
Alcoholism can cause acute prostate.
The disease most often develops in men over the age of 30 years. In most cases, the disease develops due to the negative impact of pathogenic microflora on the male body. So, acute prostatitis in men can be caused by the activity of the following microorganisms:
- Staphylococcus aureus;
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli;
- klebsiella;
- enterococci;
- Proteus.
Most of the above microorganisms are constantly in the human body, while no inflammation is observed. If such bacteria enter the tissues of the prostate gland, then the process of their active reproduction begins, as a result of which severe inflammation develops in the prostate.
Penetration of bacteria into the genitourinary system can occur during unprotected sex. Therefore, it is very important that people who do not have regular sexual partners use condoms.
Inflammation can also be of a non-infectious nature, developing for the following reasons:
- mbipesha;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- rare sexual intercourse;
- significant hypothermia;
- cessation of sexual intercourse;
- eating disorders;
- smoking and alcohol abuse.
The above factors create a fertile ground for the stagnation of the secretion of the prostate gland. At the same time, the processes of blood clotting are noted in the vessels located near the organ.
With a significant accumulation of prostate secretions, a favorable environment is created for the reproduction of pathogenic microflora. As a result, the development of the inflammatory process occurs. The latter is capable of causing a number of complications, such as:
- BPH;
- abscess;
- oncological process.
Important!Against the background of acute prostatitis, most men develop problems with potency and there is a risk of infertility.
Thus, in the risk group for the development of this disease are persons who:
- there is no regular sex life;
- lack of physical activity;
- has bad habits.
Forms and stages
For any symptoms of prostate concern, you should go to the hospital immediately.
In modern medicine, there are three main stages of this disease. Let us examine them in more detail:
- The first stage is called catarrhal.It is characterized by the appearance of a primary inflammatory process with the appearance of glandular tissue edema, enlargement of the acin. In this case, the prostate gland increases in size. If the disease is not treated, then the inflammation gradually passes into the excretory ducts of the prostate glands, connected to the back of the urethra. With inflammation of the prostate ducts, there is a gradual narrowing and blockage of them, as a result of which the process of secretion of prostate secretion is somewhat difficult. In the catarrhal stage of its development, the inflammatory process covers only the mucous layers.
- This is followed by the follicular phase of the disease.It is characterized by the further progression of the inflammatory process, in which the remaining tissues of the organ are gradually involved. As a result, an acute form of bacterial prostatitis develops. In the analysis of urine at this stage of disease development, pus is present. However, despite the damage to a considerable number of tissues, the follicular form of prostatitis responds well to treatment.
- The last stage is called parenchymal.It is characterized by a destructive change in the tissues of the prostate gland. At the same time, the swelling gradually increases, and the inflammatory process eventually covers the entire organ. If the development of the disease reaches this stage, then the treatment process is very complicated, requiring radical measures. In the absence of timely and adequate treatment, chronic prostatitis can develop.
In the initial stage of development of this disease, a subacute stage is usually distinguished. It is characterized by a weak severity of signs, which is explained by the low activity of pathogens. The disease can be at this stage for a long time if the patient's body has good resistance. At the same time, it is very difficult to diagnose the disease in the subacute stage, therefore most patients do not receive timely treatment.
Symptoms
Each of the forms of this disease is characterized by its own symptoms. Therefore, you need to consider them separately.
Catarrhal form
This form of the disease is characterized by frequent cravings for walking for little need.
If the infection has reached the excretory ducts, then this stage of the disease develops. But despite the fact that the inflammatory process does not go beyond the mucosa, the prostate gland increases in size and swells. In this case, the urethra is squeezed.
The symptoms of acute prostatitis at this stage are mild:
- due to canal compression, the patient may notice minor problems with urination;
- at night, the urge to urinate becomes more frequent;
- perhaps an increase in body temperature of up to 38 degrees;
- when the patient is in a sitting position, he may feel some weight in the perineum.
In some cases, the catarrhal form occurs without severe hyperthermia.
The symptoms of the disease may disappear on their own after two weeks of development. And most patients in this case do not go to the doctor. However, this is fraught with the transition of the disease to a chronic condition. Provided that the treatment of acute prostatitis starts in a timely manner, the disease recedes after 10 days.
Follicular form
If the catarrhal stage is not treated, then the disease develops further, affecting the individual lobes of the organ. In this case, pronounced symptoms appear:
- sharp pains observed during urination;
- the patient's body temperature is maintained at about 38 degrees;
- a dull pain appears in the perineum, which radiates to the penis;
- the process of urination is complicated;
- the patient has difficulty defecating due to the presence of severe pain.
Since this stage is characterized by a purulent lesion of the prostate, pus fibers can be observed in the patient's urine. Provided the therapy is carried out in a timely manner, a complete cure for the disease at this stage occurs in less than two weeks after the start of the procedures.
Parenchymal form
It is also called diffuse. Since the inflammatory process involves the whole organ, the following symptoms occur:
- Perineal pain becomes almost unbearable. Periodically, they move to the glans penis. Some pain relief is possible in the supine position, when the patient presses both legs to the chest.
- Sensation of a foreign body in the rectum. There is considerable pain in bowel movements. Constipation becomes more frequent, and if the inflammatory process turns into a reactive form, then mucus secretion starts from the anus.
- Serious problems with urination appear. In this case, partial and complete retention of urine is possible.
- Body temperature can reach 40 degrees. The patient suffers from chills.
Diagnosing
To make a definitive diagnosis, a number of different studies will be required.
This disease is diagnosed by a specialist urologist who conducts a comprehensive study that includes the following types of procedures:
- physical examination;
- instrumental research;
- laboratory research.
During the initial examination of the patient, the specialist touches the gland. This should be done very carefully, avoiding massaging movements and strong pressure. Alternatively, you may give the patient considerable discomfort.
The main diagnostic method is the study of the prostate gland, performed by inserting a probe into the rectum. This procedure allows specialists to obtain the following data:
- determine pain response;
- identify the main foci of destruction;
- confirm or deny signs of purulent tissue melting;
- evaluate the shape of the organ and its symmetry, size and durability.
As a rule, when touching the prostate, the secretion of this organ is emphasized. Its analysis allows you to accurately determine the presence of an inflammatory process. During the research, the number of leukocytes, amyloid bodies and other components is checked.
- bacterial urine culture and urethral discharge with antibiotics;
- PCR scrap studies;
- blood culture for blood culture.
The nature and severity of dysuric disorders in the acute course of the disease is assessed using uroflowmetry.
Ultrasound of the prostate gland with moderate pain syndrome can be performed transrectally, and in the case of a strong pain response - transabdominal. The shape, size of the gland, the presence of focal or diffuse changes are assessed ultrasound, the stage of the acute inflammatory process is determined.
When planning surgery for devastating forms of acute prostatitis, it is advisable to perform an MRI of the pelvic region.
Treatment of the disease
The main method of treating acute prostatitis is etiotropic therapy. It is based on the timely appointment of antimicrobial drugs to the patient, which will prevent further development of pathogenic microflora in the pelvic organs. In addition to medication, the patient is prescribed folk remedies and physiotherapy procedures. A balanced diet plays an important role in treating acute prostatitis.
medications
Treatment of acute prostatitis should include elimination of the infection that provoked the inflammation. In addition, the task of therapy is to eliminate congestion and normalize the circulatory process.
In most cases, outpatient treatment is used for patients with acute prostate. If the patient has a parenchymal form of the disease, then he undergoes hospitalization.
Therapy for acute infectious prostatitis involves the mandatory administration of antibiotics. In this case, the duration of treatment is determined by a specialist, just like the medication used.
Antibiotics of different groups are active against different microorganisms. This is why professional treatment is performed only on the basis of a thorough diagnosis. Thus, the doctor will be able to choose exactly the medicine that will be effective against a particular pathogen. Usually, treatment is performed using drugs of these groups:
- fluoroquinolones;
- penicillin;
- macrolides.
The former are considered the most effective. For this reason, they are most often used in the treatment of acute prostatitis.
Although antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment, they are not the only drugs used for acute prostatitis. In particular, patients are prescribed antihistamines and gut-friendly bacteria.
At all stages of treating acute prostatitis, it is very important to stimulate the immune system. For this reason, immunostimulatory drugs are prescribed to patients.
In addition to the above agents, interferons are used to treat acute prostatitis. Medication it is possible to take such medications both in tablet form and through intramuscular injections. The latter option is considered preferable.
Physiotherapy
Under the condition of properly selected treatment of acute prostatitis medication, the severity of the symptoms of this disease is significantly reduced. To consolidate the results obtained, the following physiotherapeutic techniques are used:
- Microwave and UHF therapy;
- rectal electrophoresis;
- prostate massage.
Folk remedies
Many experts argue that a cure for acute prostatitis using only traditional medicine is impossible. In addition, such self-medication can greatly aggravate the disease, leading to a number of complications. In this case, folk recipes can be used only as an adjunct to official medicines. In addition, many pharmaceutical medicines are made from different herbs.
As a rule, with an acute form of prostatitis, patients are prescribed various infusions and decoctions. They should be taken orally or used to get a healing solution when taking a bath. The most effective in this case are the following plants:
- chestnuts;
- mother and stepmother;
- horse tail;
- Oak bark;
- chamomile.
Dietary food
The key to curing acute prostatitis is a balanced diet. The inclusion of certain products in the patient's weekly menu is based on the severity of his illness. However, regardless of the stage of the disease, the following foods should be excluded from the diet for a while:
- smoked meats;
- fried foods;
- save;
- strong tea and coffee;
- alcoholic drink;
- spicy and salty foods;
- fatty fish and meat.
Prophylaxis
Sports activities are very useful for the prevention of prostate diseases.
Prevention of acute prostatitis involves the timely elimination of the inflammatory process. To do this, it is necessary to timely treat bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. At the same time, any medical manipulation accompanied by endourethral or endovenous examinations should be performed subject to appropriate aseptic rules.
Effective prevention of acute prostatitis is based on the following principles:
- Strengthening the immune system.
- Genital hygiene.
- Having a regular sex life.
- Systematic physical activity and walking in the fresh air.
- Rejection of bad habits.
- Normalization of diet.
Periodic prostate massage can be an excellent prevention of a number of urological diseases.
If you notice the first signs of prostatitis, you should not hesitate - you should see a specialist as soon as possible. This will help to cure the disease faster and prevent a number of negative consequences.